Somalia and Ethiopia have reached an agreement to hold “technical talks” aimed at resolving tensions stemming from Ethiopia’s deal with Somaliland, a breakaway region of Somalia. The agreement follows mediation efforts by Turkey and a series of discussions involving Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed.
The dispute centers on a memorandum signed in January, in which Ethiopia agreed to lease land in Somaliland for a marine base in exchange for recognizing Somaliland’s independence. Somalia strongly opposes the deal, viewing it as a violation of its territorial sovereignty.
A joint declaration issued after Wednesday’s talks in Ankara stated that negotiations will begin in February 2025 and conclude within four months. Both nations agreed to respect Somalia’s territorial integrity while exploring ways for Ethiopia to access the sea under Somali sovereignty. The declaration also highlighted plans to establish “mutually beneficial commercial arrangements.”
Context of the Dispute
Somaliland declared independence from Somalia over 30 years ago but remains unrecognized by the African Union and the United Nations. Despite its unrecognized status, Somaliland has maintained political stability, contrasting with Somalia’s challenges, including ongoing attacks by the militant group al-Shabab.
Ethiopia, a landlocked country with a population of over 120 million, has long sought secure access to the sea to bolster its economy.
Mediation Efforts and Outlook
Turkey, which has played an active role in mediating disputes in the Horn of Africa, facilitated two prior rounds of talks between the countries’ foreign ministers. However, a third round, initially scheduled for September, was postponed due to heightened tensions.
At a joint press conference, Erdogan described the declaration as a significant step forward, emphasizing a focus on “the future, not the past.” Somali President Mohamud and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy also expressed optimism, highlighting the importance of cooperation for regional stability.
Abiy underscored Ethiopia’s peaceful intentions in seeking sea access, while Mohamud noted the critical role of collaboration in stabilizing the fragile Horn of Africa region.
Broader Implications
Turkey’s involvement in the mediation underscores its deepening ties in the region. Ankara has significant investments in Somalia, including defense and energy agreements, and maintains strong trade relations with Ethiopia.
In Somaliland, the recent election of an opposition leader critical of the Ethiopian memorandum could further influence the trajectory of these negotiations. The new president is set to be inaugurated on Thursday.
