Survival in mud: The African lungfish story

The African lungfish, often referred to as one of nature’s most extraordinary survivors, is a warm-blooded freshwater fish with a unique ability to endure extreme conditions. Found in rivers, swamps, and floodplains across sub-Saharan Africa, this remarkable creature has fascinated scientists and locals.

Breathing Air Like Mammals

Unlike most fish, the lungfish has a specialized lung-like organ that allows it to breathe air. This adaptation is essential for survival in its often harsh habitat, where water sources can dry up for extended periods. When this happens, the lungfish burrows into the mud, encasing itself in a cocoon made of mucus and mud, leaving a small air hole for breathing. It can remain in this dormant state, known as aestivation, for years until the rains return.

Survival in Harsh Climates

Native to regions with unpredictable rainfall, the lungfish plays a crucial role in its ecosystem. It can withstand extreme conditions that would be fatal to most aquatic species.

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